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1753154
Gunner
Alfred Aaron Moss
1908/11/20 - Born London
Son of Henry and Gertrude Moss
Occupation Tailor
Next of Kin Wife, Winifred, Great Knolly, Reading, Berkshire
Royal Artillery
144 Battery, 35 Light Anti Aircraft Regiment
Service
The 35th LAA Regiment, sailed for Singapore from the UK in November 1941. arriving Singapore January 1942.
The 144 Battery were deployed to Malaya.
1941/12/08 - The Japanese entered the war by bombing Pearl Harbour, attacking Malaya and Hong Kong. Japanese trrops were landed on the Thailand/Malay border at Singora and Patani, Thailand and also Kota Bharu, Malaya.
The Japanese quickly established a successful landing by taking the airfield at Kota Bharu. Without air cover, the defending troops were gradually pushed back down the west coast of Malaya towards Singapore. The Japanese used the tactics of getting behind the defensive lines and the troops had to withdraw. By the 30th of January, the last Allied troops crossed the causeway which separated Malaya from Singapore and the causeway was blown, placing Singapore under siege.
1942/02/09 - In the early hours, the Japanese made successful landings on the the North West coast of Singapore. They bluffed General Percival, as the Japanese had been concentrating bombing on the North East coast, where the 18th Division trrops were deployed. Within six days the Allied troops had been pushed back to the outskirts of Singapore City.
‘Singapore Surrender’ by Leo Rawlings
1942/02/15 - With the water supply for Singapore City in threat, Singapore surrendered to the Japanese.
1942/08/20 - WO 417/48, Casualty List No. 907. Reported ‘Missing’.
1943/07/31 - WO 417/64, Casualty List No 1201. Previously reported on Casualty List No 907 as Missing. Now reported a ‘Prisoner of War’ in Malaya.
Japanese PoW
1942/02/15 - Captured Singapore
Japanese Index Card - Side One
Japanese Index Card - Side Two
In October 1942 there was a lot of activity in the Singapore PoW camps. The Japanese had decided to use the prisoners for labour parties. This began with Java Parties 1 and 2 being taken by rail to Bam Pong, Thailand, with other parties being transported to Taiwan and Japan. One party was made up of 600 Ak. Ak. Gunners from Southern Area under the command of Lt-Col. J. Bassett, R.A. (35th L.A.A. Regt.). This party, now known here as Gunner 600 Party, sailed eastwards from Singapore on 18th October, being written in the Changi register as “Destination New Guinea”. The Bureau of Records and Enquiry at Changi later were led to believe the ship was torpedoed and all on board lost.
The Gunners 600 Party included 126 officers and men from the 35th’s 144 Battery, 7 Coast Regt., 9 Coast Regt., 11 Coast Regt., 3 Heavy Ak. Ak., 5th Searchlights and the Hong Kong Singapore Artillery. There was also a few from Royal Army Medical and Service Corps.
The ship used to transport them was an ex-Liverpool coaler. In “What Price Bushido” it is noted as being the Eige Maru or the Masta Maru, we now think it was the Kenkon Maru. 400 men were put into the first hold and the remainder into the smaller aft hold.
The 600 Gunner Party sailed on the 18th October 1942 to the Solomon Islands. Under miserable conditions with only a thin layer of straw on the floor the prisoners found it hard to breath and also the the stench from sweating bodies. The ship called at Timor, Bali and the Halmarhera Islands, the on the first casualty was when Battery Sergeant Major Tommy Lamborne of 11 Coast Regt. dying on his way to the benjo (toilet), he was buried at sea during that afternoon.
On the 5th November the ship arrived at Simpson Harbour, Rabaul on the island of New Britain, which the Japanese had captured from the Australians in January 1942. The local villages were known as Kanakas and they lived under the constant threat from volcanoes, one of which was very active.
Bgr. E.G. Gray was the first casualty on Rabaul, being badly beaten he was then tied to a stake and left to die.
On the 16th November 517 of the 598 prisoners were selected for transportation, the destination was said to be New Guinea, their personal belongings were stowed away at Kokopo, the sick remained at Rabaul.
Late the following February ‘Blackshirt’, who was in charge of the party that left for New Guinea, returned to the Rabaul camp at Kokopo and informed the prisoners that five of the 517 party died while working at Bouganville, in the Solomon Islands, due to an American bombardment. This was later confirmed by a Japanese known to the prisoners as ‘No 3 Captain’.
Bill Dunne with two other Rabaul prisoners loaded a truck up with the now 512 belongings left at Kocopo and went with the truck to the Rabaul Harbour where it was unloaded. They saw at a distance a white prisoners camp, who they assumed were the 512 but they were too far away to recognize anybody - Bill Dunnes letter . The ship sailed again on the 5th March for an unknown destination. As there were no survivors from the party who left for Ballale Island it is impossible to follow their journey but after the war it was found that the Japanese report of their ship being sunk was a lie. The prisoners were taken to Ballale Island and used to build an airstrip.
The map above shows how close Ballale is to Bougainville, I question why the PoWs were taken back to Rabaul if they were on Bougainville before being transported to Ballale, was the ship going back to Rabaul in February as a cover up. Ozaki says in his statement he arrived on Ballale late November 1942 and a few days later the prisoners arrived on Ballale ?
The prisoners however on Ballale Island faced many dangers as the Americans were advancing on the Solomon Islands and the battle in the South Pacific had turned ugly. There were atrocities committed by both sides following an incident in March when US parachutists were fired on by Japanese fighter planes. The prisoners were in very bad health, being bombed by US aircraft and having to endure increased beatings by Japanese guards who took their hatred of the US bombing out on the prisoners.
From January 1943 through to July 1943, US aircraft bombed Ballale Island, the heaviest bombing was in March. As the prisoners did not have slit trenches these attacks must have contributed to many of the prisoners deaths on an island roughly only one mile square .
The air strip was damaged by American bombardment in June 1943 before it was finished. The Japanese could not finish the air strip and had no further use for the prisoners, the prisoners who were still alive at this point were executed. Ozaki’s statement confirms the dates of death which would not agree with the 512 being on the ship returning in March.
A mass grave was found on Ballale from the help given by Chinese labourers, but again controversy as they believed the prisoners on Ballale were Australians. Artefacts found confirm they were from the Gunners Party. These 435 bodies had no service tags and were moved to a temporary War Cemetery at Torokina, Bouganville. Then later on 13th December 1945 to Bomana War Cemetery, Port Moresby.
Of those who were left at Rabaul only 18 survived, those who died are buried at Rabaul.
1946/01/07 - WO417/100, Casualty List No. 1953. Previously reported on Casualty List No. 1201 as Prisoner of War in Netherlands East Indies. ‘Missing at Sea’.
1946/06/18 - WO417/102, Casualty List No. 2035. Previously reported on Casualty List No. 1953 as Missing whilst Prisoner of War At Sea. Date of Casualty recorded on original source as 'On or shortly after 05/03/1943'. Now ‘Presumed Died whilst Prisoner of War’.
Died
Age 34
5th March 1943
The above date is given to all those who died on Ballale.
As there was no death information kept by the Japanese, the date of their deaths is unknown.
Memorial
Column 26
Singapore Memorial
Plaque donated by the Royal Artillery laid next to the air strip on Ballale Island
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Pacific Star
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War Medal
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1939-1945 Star
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Information
Fall of Singapore and Malaya
600 Gunners Party
Commonwealth War Grave Commission
KEW Files:- WO 361/1764, WO 361/773, WO 392/25, WO 345/37, WO 361/2062, WO 361/2206, WO 361/774,
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